The Hunger-Fullness Scale of Intuitive Eating

The hunger-fullness scale has become an incredibly popular nutrition and intuitive eating tool, however, you may be wondering exactly what it is and what to do with it, so here’s a complete breakdown of the hunger-fullness scale, what it is, how it works, and how to use it.

What is the Hunger-Fullness Scale?

The hunger-fullness scale is an intuitive eating tool designed to help you get in touch with your body’s hunger cues and fullness cues. After years of dieting, calorie counting, food avoidance, or emotional eating behaviors, it’s common to lose touch with your body’s natural messaging system, as well as how to interpret these messages (1). Also known as the hunger-satiety scale, the hunger-fullness scale is a practical tool that can help you get back in tune with your body and better respond to different levels of hunger and fullness.

Why is the hunger-fullness scale important for intuitive eating?

While hunger and fullness cues will vary from one person to the next from one day to the next, they remain incredibly helpful in the sense that they are constantly adapting to our ever-changing needs. When you are in tune with your hunger and fullness cues and learn to respond to them appropriately, you can give your body exactly what it needs.

Not only can the hunger and fullness scale help you pay attention to natural body cues but in doing so it can help you identify physical hunger from emotional hunger, as well as differentiate between external and internal hunger cues.

Hunger Cues vs. Fullness Cues

Hunger is the body’s way of telling you it needs energy. Common hunger signals include a growling tummy or, if you’re very hungry, you may feel weak, tired, or dizzy, and these physical feelings remind us to eat (2).

Fullness is a feeling of relief we experience when hunger goes away. Common fullness signals include a feeling of satiety and a slightly full stomach or, if you’re very full, you may feel stuffed, uncomfortable, or even sick, and these physical feelings remind us to stop eating (3).

Internal vs. External Cues

While physical hunger and fullness can be identified by internal body cues, both hunger and fullness can be influenced by external cues. Each day we are confronted with hundreds of emotional and environmental factors that can all influence what and how much we eat.

Eating disinhibition is the tendency to overeat in response to different stimuli, and can occur in a variety of circumstances such as such as when an individual is presented with an array of palatable foods or is under emotional distress (4).

For instance, if you are in a work meeting and someone brings in a plate of cookies, you may reach for one whether you are hungry or not. If you are at a dinner party and are served a portion size larger than expected, you may proceed to clean your plate out of politeness regardless of your hunger level. If you’re feeling sad after a rough day, you may reach for food out of comfort, or if you are overly stressed, you may choose to not eat at all. All of these are examples of how hunger cues can be influenced by external factors.

How to Use the Hunger-Fullness Scale

The hunger-fullness scale ranks our hunger and fullness cues on a scale of 1 to 10, where each number on the scale correlates to a different level of hunger and fullness. While it’s important to note that the scale is strictly a guide and different people will experience hunger and fullness differently, the scale ranks as follows:

1. Painfully hungry, may feel sick.
2. Ravenous, very, very distracting.
3. Very hungry, eager to eat something.
4. Slightly empty stomach, could wait if needed.
5. Neutral, not hungry or full.
6. Satisfied, slightly full stomach.
7. Totally satisfied, hunger is gone for a while.
8. Little too full, don’t want anything else to eat.
9. Uncomfortably full, very stuffed.
10. Painfully full, may feel sick.

To use the scale, before you decide to eat, take a moment to check in with yourself to see where you rank on the hunger and fullness scale. Once you’ve identified where you rate your hunger or fullness, consider the following:

Aim to start eating when you reach 3 or 4 on the scale.

At this range, you are physically hungry but not ravenous and are more likely to make food choices that support your body’s physical needs that are not influenced by emotions.

Try to limit reaching a 1 or 2 on the scale.

While life happens and you may certainly find yourself in this range occasionally, it’s best to avoid being in this range regularly. This range may cause you to make less-than-ideal food choices and has the potential to lead you to overeat.

Consider stopping eating when you reach 6 or 7 on the scale.

At this range, you are satisfied but not uncomfortable and you’ve typically consumed enough to keep you energized until your next meal. To be sure, you can always stop eating and wait 20 minutes to reassess how you’re feeling, as it can take a bit of time for fullness to truly set in (5).

Try to avoid reaching 8, 9, or 10 on the scale.

Although we will all eat beyond our fullness cues from time to time, such as holidays and celebrations, it’s best to avoid reaching this range regularly. Not only can we feel physically uncomfortable in this range, but it may invoke feelings of guilt, shame, and self-sabotage, particularly for women (6).

Remain between a 3 and 7 on the scale as much as possible.

By eating in this range, you’ll feel satisfied, nourished, and more in control of your physical hunger pangs and food choices. By using the hunger and fullness scale regularly, you learn how to tell the difference between true, physical hunger and psychological hunger that is caused by emotions, like stress, boredom, sadness, or happiness.

Benefits of Using the Hunger-Fullness Scale

The intuitive eating hunger and fullness scale can help you:

• Get in tune with your body’s hunger and fullness cues,
• Learn to listen to, interpret, and trust your own body,
• Distinguish physical hunger from emotional hunger,
• Distinguish internal hunger cues from external hunger cues,
• Feel more in control of your food choices and behavior around food,
• Be more intuitive with your food choices,
• Be less reliant on external tools (i.e. counting calories or macros).

Tips for Using the Hunger-Fullness Scale

Here are some things to consider to ensure you get the most out of the hunger-fullness scale:

1. Remember, the scale is strictly a tool.

It’s important to use the hunger and fullness scale as a guide and not feel the need to follow the numbers “perfectly”. Your hunger will fluctuate from one day to the next and not everyone will experience the scale in the same way.

2. Check in with yourself before, during, and after you eat.

The scale is designed to be used before, while, and after you eat. Not only can it help you to determine your hunger levels before you eat and your fullness level so you know when to stop eating, but it can help you reflect on how you feel once you’ve finished eating so you can take the feelings and lessons away with you for next time.

3. Observe your behavior, don’t judge.

Be honest with yourself, while being kind to yourself. Using the hunger-fullness scale is not about being right or wrong or good or bad, it’s about getting in touch with your body and discovering what it’s trying to tell you.  Look for areas of opportunity that emerge and how you may be able to support yourself or ask others for support.

4. Take note of patterns.

As you continue to use the hunger-fullness scale, take note of patterns, eating habits, and food behaviors. Do you experience hunger at certain times during the day? Do certain activities or moments during the day trigger hunger?  What happens when you wait too long to eat? When you eat when you’re not hungry, what do you notice about your feelings? 

5. Practice.

Learning to identify and interpret your hunger and fullness cues is a practice that will take time to master and something you will continue to use when you do. Don’t put pressure on yourself to figure this out quickly, take your time, continue to use the hunger and fullness scale at every meal, and eventually, like any habit or skill, you’ll get better at it, and it will become second nature.

6. Ask for help.

Whether you’re just getting started on your intuitive eating journey or you’ve been working on it for a while, don’t be afraid to ask for help. Work with a registered dietician or certified intuitive eating counselor to help address your personal intuitive eating journey and health goals.